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Firmware Keys
Firmware Keys are keys which decrypt the root filesystem of certain (beta) firmwares. Apple uses a to ensure the safety of their files. Over time Apple has changed the way to encrypt firmware files, thus the way to decrypt files as well as the way to get the keys has also.
History
With the release of the iPhone came the IMG2 file format. They were used on all known iPhone OS 1.x firmwares. For the 1.1.x series, they were encrypted with the 0x837 key. The discovery of the 0x837 key led to the ability to decrypt any 1.x firmware.
Following IMG2 came the IMG3 file format. They were introduced with iPhone OS 2.0 beta 4, and have been in use ever since. In order to maintain their integrity, they contain multiple layers of encryption, all based around a public/private key encryption method. Apple took encryption seriously with IMG3 by utilizing AES (based on the Rinjndael key schedule). In terms of the pre-iPhone OS 3 VFDecrypt key, it is stored as plain-text in the "__restore" segment of the ASR image within the ramdisks.
The ramdisk keys can only be retrieved with the processor specific GID Key. The GID key is currently unretrievable and can only be utilized through the built-in AES engine. To complicate things even more, the engine is only accessible through a special bootrom or iBoot exploit (jailbreaks typically expose it with /dev/aes_0). This makes usage of the key nearly impossible.
However, once you have access to the AES engine, the entire system falls apart. You are able to upload an encrypted ramdisk and grab the decryption keys for it. Once you manage to decrypt the ramdisk, you can run it through GenPass to decrypt the Firmware key.
Beginning with iOS 6.0 beta, Apple tweaked their disk images so they no longer work with VFDecrypt. VFDecrypt will report that the filesystem is decrypted, but you will be unable to mount it. The current workaround is to use dmg from Xpwn to decrypt them. What has changed to break VFDecrypt is currently unknown. Decryption will take slightly longer due to dmg writing its progress to the terminal, but can be avoided (on Unix-like operating systems) by piping stdout to /dev/null. The difference writing to the terminal versus not, however, is negligible.
To find the keys, you can either use the methods on AES Keys or the easier option for OS X, keylimepie.
Decrypting
- Main article: Decrypting Firmwares
Notes
Certain files share the same key and IV per application processor (per build) provided the devices have the same pixel resolution:
- Update Ramdisk
- Restore Ramdisk
- AppleLogo
- BatteryCharging0
- BatteryCharging1
- BatteryFull
- BatteryLow0
- BatteryLow1
- GlyphCharging
- GlyphPlugin
- Kernelcache
- NeedService
- RecoveryMode
- SEP-Firmware
- WTF
The table on the right lists the application processors and their corresponding devices. This list is also accessible from the main page.
You can use img3decrypt or xpwntool to decrypt these files as described in Decrypting Firmwares. Once done, mount or extract using the tool of your choice.
The firmware version number for the Apple TV builds are the ones that the Apple TV reports (also known as the "marketing version").
All dates are relative to UTC.
You cannot get keys for A5 and newer devices unless the ramdisk is not encrypted (until a bootrom exploit). Sadly, even with unencrypted ramdisks, you can only get the Root FS key. However, iH8sn0w found two iBoot exploits which allows the keys to be retrieved, but he has refused to make the exploits public to avoid patching by Apple. He has, however, been providing the keys to iCJ's website, but only for public firmwares (non-beta).
Firmware Versions
This is a full and comprehensive list of all firmwares Apple Inc. has made available to the public in some way, be it the dev center or iTunes. This list also contains a few firmwares for which there never was an IPSW (as far as can be told) such as 4.2.5 for the CDMA iPhone 4 (iPhone3,3). These few builds came preinstalled on the device, but are not available for download.
