/private/var

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This folder is the mount point for /dev/disk0s2 (/dev/disk0s1s2 on modern iOS versions), which is the device's user/data partition. This deviates from the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard which places this at /var, however, a sym-link is placed at /var that redirects to here, so it is at least somewhat compliant.

It is the larger of the two partitions, and stores all App Store applications, iTunes media, settings, photos, etc.

Before iPhone OS 1.1.3 (1.1.2 and below) all of this data was stored in /private/var/root. However, for security reasons, in 1.1.3 Apple made most applications run under the user mobile, and moved all of the data to /private/var/mobile.

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(root)/private